在matplotlib中，用subplots画子图时，有时候需要调整子图间矩，包括子图与边框的间矩，子图间上下间矩，子图间左右间矩，可以使用fig.tight_layout()函数：
Help on method tight_layout in module matplotlib.figure:
tight_layout(renderer=None, pad=1.08, h_pad=None, w_pad=None, rect=None) method of matplotlib.figure.Figure instance
Adjust subplot parameters to give specified padding.
Parameters:
*pad* : float
padding between the figure edge and the edges of subplots,
as a fraction of the font-size.
*h_pad*, *w_pad* : float
padding (height/width) between edges of adjacent subplots.
Defaults to `pad_inches`.
*rect* : if rect is given, it is interpreted as a rectangle
(left, bottom, right, top) in the normalized figure
coordinate that the whole subplots area (including
labels) will fit into. Default is (0, 0, 1, 1).
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